Asset renewal
The Asset Management Department is focused on the life cycle management of ATC’s transmission assets. The objective is to ensure assets perform the required function in a sustainable manner at the lowest life cycle cost.
Coordination of design, commissioning, operation, maintenance and replacement strategy is crucial to achieve this objective. Asset Renewal is the “replacement strategy” piece of the asset life cycle. Asset Renewal is driven by public and worker safety, regulatory compliance, reliability and operational performance.
The ATC Asset Renewal plan captures the balance between lowest whole life cycle cost and reliable performance of the ATC transmission system. ATC’s Asset Renewal plan calls for an estimated spend of $1.1 billion over the 10-year plan horizon.
State of Existing Facilities
ATC operates 2392 lines with a total of 9426 circuit miles. A number of facilities have been identified as nearing end of life or having components at end of life during the 10 year assessment period.
ATC benchmarks its transmission line performance with 24 transmission operators across the United States. This sample comprises 44.4 percent of the United States/Canadian transmission grid based upon NERC bulk power line mileage. ATC lines operating at 115, 138, and 345kV were top 10 percent for reliability performance in 2011. ATC 69-kV transmission lines were top 25 percent for reliability performance in 2011. As evidenced by reliability data, our lines are performing well. However, targeted investment will be required to maintain reliability.
ATC operates a fleet of 196 in service transformers, with approximately 45 percent of these being more than 35 years old. Fortunately, ATC has not experienced a high failure rate of these aging transformers but the assessment anticipates an ongoing routine investment is required to maintain reliability and manage operational and financial risk.
ATC’s protective relay systems are critical to the safe and reliable operation of the transmission system. The plan is to modernize the relay systems to meet compliance requirements, improve reliability, minimize inadvertent operation, and provide additional information to ATC System Operations to improve restoration time when an outage does occur.
ATC has a fleet of 1962 circuit breakers in service. Of these, 1368 use sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as an arc quenching and insulating medium. There are 590 oil circuit breakers and 4 vacuum circuit breakers. Asset Renewal, as applied to circuit breakers will target units that have specific reliability and performance concerns and SF6 circuit breakers with environmental concerns.
Transmission Line Asset Renewal
Overhead Transmission Line Facilities
The Asset Maintenance group of ATC monitors the overhead line facilities through a maintenance and inspection program designed to assess the condition of line facilities. Aerial and ground inspections of ATC facilities are performed periodically to identify issues for repair. The goal is to maintain reliable performance as well as public and worker safety. ATC System Operations and Asset Management personnel monitor performance and track the reliability of all ATC lines. Particular attention is paid to lightning withstand performance and improvements that can be targeted at poor performing lines. The inspection and reliability performance programs are considered the initial drivers for asset renewal upgrades to a facility. The line design is further analyzed by Asset Management for structural and clearance-related issues to complete the list of possible drivers.
ATC has responded to the NERC Alert for Facilities Ratings and is in a three year program to verify the actual field conditions match design assumptions for line facilities rated 115kV and above. Aerial surveys and other engineering analysis means are being used to evaluate line facility ratings.
Transmission line facilities categorized to have inadequate condition or poor operational performance history are brought to ATC Planning for consideration. Planning may have specific system reliability needs for the line or geographic area. If Planning and Asset Management both have drivers for a project, a primary need driver is agreed upon and the project progresses as either a network (Planning driven) or asset renewal (Asset Management driven) project. The scope of the Asset Renewal project can vary from complete rebuilds to replacements of problematic components such as poles, cross arms or insulators. The extent of renewal driven work may be further impacted by importance of the line to the end customer. Net present value (NPV) analysis is used to evaluate various options and determine the least whole life cost means of obtaining the desired reliability.
Details of the line asset renewal plan are shown in Table AR-1. The estimated cost of the plan over the 10 year horizon is $523 million.
Underground Transmission Line Asset Renewal
Our underground transmission system consists of high pressure fluid filled cable systems (HPFF), High Pressure Gas Filled cable systems (HPGF), solid dielectric cable (SD) systems and self-contained fluid filled system (SCFF).
| Cable Type | 69-kV Mileage | 138-kV Mileage |
|---|---|---|
| High Pressure Fluid Filled (HPFF) | 24.1 | 55.4 |
| High Pressure Gas Filled (HPGF) | 0 | 3.4 |
| Solid Dielectric (SD) | 12.6 | 4.7 |
| Self-Contained Fluid Filled (SCFF) | 0.4 | 8.2 |
| Total Miles | 37.1 | 71.7 |
The condition of high pressure fluid and high pressure gas filled systems is such that no investment is expected in the 10-year horizon. Several of the solid dielectric cable installations are approaching end of life and will require replacement over the 10 year horizon. The self-contained fluid filled cables located in the Straits of Mackinac that connect Upper and Lower Michigan are expected to reach end of life near the end of the 10-year horizon.
Details of the line asset renewal plan are shown in Table AR-2. The estimated cost of the plan over the 10 year horizon is $150 million.
Instrument Transformer and Surge Arrester Renewal
Instrument transformers used for monitoring voltages and currents on the ATC system are key to reliable performance. The goal of asset renewal efforts is to manage maintenance costs and avoid end of life failures on the ATC system. Instrument transformers at end of life or poor operational history are targeted for replacement.
Arresters are installed to prevent outages and protect equipment from lightning and over voltage surges. The goal of asset renewal efforts is to manage maintenance costs and avoid end of life failures on the ATC system. Arresters at end of life or poor operational history are targeted for replacement. .
The cost estimate for this program over the 10 year horizon is $51 million. Please refer to Table AR-3 for details.
Relay Asset Renewal
Relays are the cornerstone of a reliable transmission system. The goal of the ATC relay asset renewal effort is to improve relay performance, provide information for Operations, and reduce maintenance cost. ATC is able to improve line and equipment capabilities with microprocessor based relays by eliminating over-reaching misoperations and increasing capacity load limits. The improved performance of the microprocessor relays allows ATC to address stability issues and increase system reliability and security with the use of carrier and fiber optic communication systems. The new technology has additional benefits of better factory support, improved spare part availability, software upgrades and technical support to ATC staff.
Microprocessor based relays offer valuable information for ATC Operations. New relay systems are able to be used to direct field resources to the problem area and verify what component of the transmission system has failed. Additionally, fault location information is used with the geographic lightning detection network to correlate lightning strikes with line outages. This enables ATC to historically track performance of specific sections of the line to aid in determining transmission line Asset Renewal prioritization.
Relay renewals are being made to satisfy NERC reliability standard requirements and recommendations from the Florida blackout.
The self-check and remote monitoring capabilities of microprocessor based relays allow longer maintenance cycles and reduce maintenance costs.
Approximately 11,000 in service relays protect the ATC network. The asset renewal program is prioritized by replacing the least reliable relays by type, relays at end-of-life and, relays with schemes that have a history of inadvertent operations. This includes single relays that require remote back-up and electromechanical relays that do not provide fault location or self-alarm.
ATC plans to spend approximately $106 million for relay renewal in the 10 year horizon. This equates to about 50 relay panels per year. Please refer to Table AR-4 for details.
Circuit Breaker Asset Renewal
Circuit breakers are essential to the reliability and safety of the network. ATC has a fleet of 1962 gas, oil, and vacuum circuit breakers. The goal of the circuit breaker renewal program is to improve reliability and environmental performance. This includes reducing maintenance outage requirements, reducing SF6 emissions, and reducing the number of unplanned outages. ATC plans to spend approximately $61 million on the circuit breaker fleet over the 10 year horizon. Please refer to Table AR-5 for details.
Power Transformer Asset Renewal
The intent of the ATC power transformer asset renewal program is to make an assessment of each transformer in the fleet based upon condition, operational importance and the probability of failure based on age. This assessment is used to determine a spare or renewal strategy. The strategy options are either an on-site spare, system wide spare that can be relocated to replace the failed transformer, or renewal replacement of the aged transformer. ATC has a spare transformer plan where 20 ATC owned units are available. ATC also participates in an industry spare equipment program.
- Healthy units with high importance and high probabilities of failure based on age may warrant an on-site spare or a system spare in the general area to minimize transport times.
- Units in poor health with high importance are candidates for renewal regardless of age.
- Healthy units with low importance will be backed up with a system wide spare regardless of age.
- Units in poor health and low importance will be backed up with system spares regardless of age.
The operational importance of a particular transformer to the transmission network is based upon a series of planning studies that look at the severity of the contingencies following the failure of the specific transformer. Given the high cost, specialty design and logistical challenges of moving a large power transformer, double-contingency studies provide guidance for the operation impact and prioritization.
Power transformer condition is monitored as part of the asset maintenance program through off-line electrical tests, visual inspection and tracking of maintenance history. On line tests include dissolved-gas-analysis-oil tests, infrared inspection, vibration analysis and partial discharge condition assessment.
A fleet approach has been taken to estimate the investment in the 10-year horizon and for consideration in determining the number of system spares. The fleet approach uses a curve that represents 50 percent of transformers will fail by age 50 years. A probability of failure for each unit is determined from the curve and aggregated for each year in the 10-year horizon. The expected investment to maintain this existing level of reliability will require replacement of approximately two 138/69-kV transformers per year and one 345/138-kV transformer every two years in the 10-year horizon. The cost estimate for this program over the 10 year horizon is $127 million. Actual replacement of a specific transformer in the fleet will be based on the results of the ATC condition monitoring program and assessments of importance. Please refer to Table AR-6 for details.